Appointment of heirs (L-537)
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وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَٰلِىَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ فَـَٔاتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدًا 33. |
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33.
Wa li-kullin- ja-‘alNaa mawaa-liya mimmaa
tarakal-waa-lidaani wal- aqrabuun. Wal-laziina
‘aqadat ‘aymaanukum Fa-‘aatuuhum nasiibahum.
‘InnAllaaha kaana ‘alaa kulli shay-‘in
Shahiidaa. (Section
5/2) |
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33.
To everyone We have assigned beneficiaries in what is left by parents and
relatives. Those with whom you have made an agreement, give them their share.
God is Witness over all things. |
‘Al-laziina ‘aqadat ‘aymaanukum – (as for those with whom your right hands have made a covenant), the persons, with whom you have promised for something, any treaty of alliance).
It has been described in this verse that the heirs have the right of portion from the wealth, which has been left by any deceased person, whether the dead persons either are parents or near kindred and with whom your right hands have made any covenant, they should be given their due.
God knows well that, what the portion of inheritance should be for which heir and what must be given to those who have been promised and that who accepts His orders and who denies/disobeys.
Reason of revelation of this verse has been mentioned that many people used to embrace Islam individually by leaving their idol-worshipping and infidel families. And their families and relatives used to remain infidels for a long time. The Messenger of God (ﷺ) made two by two Muslims as partners (brothers) of one another to remove this condition of the Muslims. Therefore, those partners used to become heirs of one another. But after some time, when their near kindred and relatives embraced Islam, then this verse was revealed that actually, the hereditary is the right of only those near kindred and real relatives. Spoken brothers have no right in the inheritance. However, they must be treated with good behavior in their lives, and if someone bequeaths anything for them at the time of death then it is convenient too. But lawfully they have no right in hereditary.
God has fixed the shares in the inheritance, which are due from
the members of the family, near kindred and the relatives according to
different verses. These entire portions of the inheritance have been determined
in view of their rights and requisitions of all of them. These are good and
proper from the beginning to the end for the Muslims in its acceptance.
Therefore, we should fulfill them without any hesitation. Knowledge of God comprehends
everything. He understands very well the intentions and deeds of the mankind.
He shall give reward or punish them in accordance with their intentions.
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