Show Kindness to Parents, Kindred, Orphans and Needy

 

Human Rights (L-541) 

وَٱعْبُدُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ وَلَاتُشْرِكُوا۟ بِهِۦ شَيْـًٔا وَبِٱلْوَٰلِدَيْنِ إِحْسَٰنًا وَبِذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْيَتَٰمَىٰ وَٱلْمَسَٰكِينِ وَٱلْجَارِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَٱلْجَارِ  ٱلْجُنُبِ وَٱلصَّاحِبِ بِٱلْجَنۢبِ وَٱبْنِ ٱلسَّبِيلِ وَمَا مَلَكَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يُحِبُّ مَن كَانَ مُخْتَالًا فَخُورًا 36.

36.  Wa’-budUllaaha  wa  laa  tushrikuu biHii  shay-‘anw-wa  bil-waalidayni  ‘ihsaananw-wa  bizil-qurbaa  wal-yataamaa  wal-masaakiini  wal- jaari-  zil-qurbaa  wal  jaaril-junubi-wassaahibi-  bil-jambi  wabnis-sabiili,  wa  maa  malakat  ‘aymaanu-kum.  ‘InnAllaaha  laa  yuhibbu  man-  kaana  mukh-taalan-  fakhuuraa.

36. Worship God, and ascribe no partners to Him, and be good to the parents, and the relatives, and the orphans, and the poor, and the neighbor next door, and the distant neighbor, and the close associate, and the traveler, and your servants. God does not love the arrogant showoff.

After explaining the rights and duties of husband and wife, kindness and good behavior with each other, now  commandments to serve Him, do not ascribe plurality to Him, and show kindness to every person according to his/her grade and depending on their needs. First priority to perform the duty is the rights of God. For this purpose, you must worship only Him. None is His partner in any matter. Do good; having hope of reward on the Day of Resurrection and believe in God. The people who give their wealth to the needy being proud and boastful, they ascribe partner to God (because it is also a kind of polytheism).

Next to the rights of God, the rights of His servants come. Out of them, first grade is the rights of parents, who are responsible for the continuance of the generation. They look after and bring up their children at such time when the children would be very feeble and helpless. The parents are responsible even for their physical and mental training. Then the rights are concerning the close relatives and kindred. They use to help the person from time to time. Their rights must also be fulfilled properly. Then the grade of rights comes about orphans and the poor. Orphan is helpless due to the depravity of parents and the poor is needy due to poverty. After it, the rights are about the neighbors who are of kin (to you), and the neighbors who are not of kin, their rights have been determined. Then, there is a grade of friend and fellow. After them grade of travelers has come. Then it has been commanded that you must treat the slaves and maids with good behavior. At the end, God says, “The people who are proud and boastful (who do not consider anyone equal to them), they can’t fulfill these rights and God does never like such people.”

https://youtu.be/4SwLZTclWpE

 

One Arbiter From Both Folks

 

Appointing arbiters for settlement of disputes (L-540)

وَإِنْ خِفْتُمْ شِقَاقَ بَيْنِهِمَا فَٱبْعَثُوا۟ حَكَمًا مِّنْ أَهْلِهِۦ وَحَكَمًا مِّنْ أَهْلِهَآ إِن يُرِيدَآ إِصْلَٰحًا يُوَفِّقِ ٱللَّهُ بَيْنَهُمَآ  إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيمًا خَبِيرًا 35.

35.  Wa  ‘in-khiftum  shiqaaqa  baynihimaa  fab-‘asuu  haka-mam-min  ‘ahlihii  wa  haka-mam-min  ‘ahlihaa.  ‘Iny-yurii-daaa  ‘islaahany-  yuwaffi-Qillaahu  baynahumaa.  ‘InnAllaaha  Kaana  ‘Aliiman  Khabiiraa.

35. If you fear a breach between the two, appoint an arbiter from his family and an arbiter from her family. If they wish to reconcile,  will bring them together. God is Knowledgeable, Expert.

Three ways for mending of disobedient, indecent and uncivil wives were described in the previous verse as for those women from whom you fear desertion. Admonish them and banish them to beds apart, and scourge them. Now it is being described that if these methods fail, then what should you do?

God says, “If you fear a breach between them twain (the husband and the wife) and they do not make a truce mutually, then you should appoint an arbiter from his folk and an arbiter from her folk. If they desire settlement and betterment of these miserable circumstances sincerely and wholeheartedly, then God shall create any form of agreement and make them of one mind.”

Unevenness in the matrimonial life was found everywhere in the world before Islam. The women were not given any right anywhere. The wife was considered worse than tongue-less animal and less than slave and bondmaid. Islam provided her a specific dignity as daughter, sister, wife and mother. Overall, it determined her rights and grades in every relationship.

There was some other badness in many religions that there was no religious or legal form of separation after once married, and some of them had made the separation a pleasantry. The husbands used to away their wives at a little matter. Holy Quran made correction and modified above both forms.  

In case of dispute, at first it was described that the husband should try to correct the affairs personally. Now it is being commanded that whenever it becomes impossible, then the dispute must be tried to settle by means of the arbiters of the folks. Stage of divorce should come at very end, which is considered a worse act out of the lawful deeds.

https://youtu.be/tObFYLWYD7c

 

Moral Goodness of First Ten Days Of Dhu’l-Hijjah

Moral Goodness of First Ten Days Of Dhu’l-Hijjah

Among the great seasons of worship are the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah, which Allah (Subhaanahu wa Ta-‘aalaa) has favored over other days. It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas (Radii Allaahu anhu) that the Prophet (Sallallaahu alaihi wa aalihii wasallam) said: “There are no days on which righteous deeds are more beloved to Allah than these ten days.” They said: “Not even jihad for the sake of Allah?” He said: “Not even jihad for the sake of Allah, unless a man goes out himself for jihad taking his wealth with him and does not come back with anything.” ¹

It was also narrated from Anas (Radii Allaahu anhu) that the Prophet (Sallallaahu alaihi wa aalihii wasallam) said: “There is no deed that is better before Allah or more greatly rewarded than a good deed done in the (first) ten days of al-Adha.” It was said: “Not even jihad for the sake of Allah?” He said: “Not even jihad for the sake of Allah, unless a man goes out himself for jihad taking his wealth with him and does not come back with anything.” ²

These texts and others indicate that these ten days are better than all other days of the year, with no exception, even the last ten days of Ramadaan. But the last ten nights of Ramadaan are better than the first ten nights of Dhu’l-Hijjah, because they include Laylat al-Qadr, which is better than a thousand months.

So the Muslim should start these days with sincere repentance to Allah (Subhaanahu wa Ta-‘aalaa), then he should do a lot of righteous deeds in general, then he should pay attention to doing the following deeds:

1. Fasting 

It is Sunnah for a Muslim to fast on the first nine days of Dhu’l-Hijjah, because the Prophet (Sallallaahu alaihi wa aalihii wasallam) encouraged us to do righteous deeds in the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah, and fasting is one of the best of deeds, which Allah has chosen for Himself. ³

It was narrated from Hunaydah ibn Khaalid from his wife, that one of the wives of the Prophet (Sallallaahu alaihi wa aalihii wasallam) said: The Prophet (Sallallaahu alaihi wa aalihii wasallam) used to fast on the first nine days of Dhu’l-Hijjah and the day of ‘Ashoora’, and three days each month, the first Monday of the month and two Thursdays. ⁴

2 – Reciting tahmeed, tahleel and takbeer abundantly

It is Sunnah to recite takbeer (saying Allaahu akbar (Allah is most great)), tahmeed (saying al-hamdu Lillah (praise be to Allah)), tahleel (saying Laa ilaaha ill-Allaah (There is no god but Allah)) and tasbeeh (saying Subhaan-Allah (Glory be to Allah)), during the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah, saying these words out loud in the mosques, homes, streets and every place in which it is permissible to remember Allah (Subhaanahu wa Ta-‘aalaa), to perform this act of worship openly and proclaim the greatness of Allah (Subhaanahu wa Ta-‘aalaa).

Men should recite out loud and women should recite quietly.

Allah says: “That they may witness benefits for themselves and mention the name of Allah on known days over what He has provided for them of [sacrificial] animals. So eat of them and feed the miserable and poor” [al-Hajj 22:28]

The majority are of the view that the “appointed days” are the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah, because it was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbaas (Radii Allaahu anhu) that the appointed days are the first ten days of Dhu’l-Hijjah.

It was narrated from ‘Abd-Allaah ibn ‘Umar (Radii Allaahu anhu) that the Prophet (Sallallaahu alaihi wa aalihii wasallam) said: “There are no days that are greater before Allah or in which good deeds are more beloved to Him, than these ten days, so recite a great deal of tahleel, takbeer and tahmeed during them.” ⁵

The takbeer is as follows:

Allaahu akbar, Allaahu akbar, laa ilaaha ill-Allaah, Allaahu akbar, wa Lillaah il-hamd (Allah is Most Great, Allah is Most Great, there is no god but Allah; Allah is Most Great and to Allah be praise).

3 – Doing Hajj and ‘Umrah 

One of the greatest deeds that can be done during these ten days is Hajj to the sacred House of Allah (Subhaanahu wa Ta-‘aalaa). Whoever Allah (Subhaanahu wa Ta-‘aalaa) helps to go on Hajj to His House and do the rituals in the required manner will – in sha Allah – be included in the words of the Messenger of Allah (Sallallaahu alaihi wa aalihii wasallam): “An accepted Hajj brings no less a reward than Paradise.”

4 – Udhiyah (sacrifice) 

One of the righteous deeds that bring a person closer to Allah in these ten days is to slaughter the sacrifice and to look for a good, fat animal and to spend money on it for the sake of Allah (Subhaanahu wa Ta-‘aalaa). 

Let us hasten to make the most of these great days, before the negligent regrets what he did, and before he asks to go back and receives no response.

Copied from:  http://blog.islamiconlineuniversity.com/virtues-of-the-first-ten-days-of-dhul-hijjah/ - by Muhammad Sharif 

Method Of Bettering The Rebellious Women

 

Correction of rebellious women (L-539)

وَٱلَّٰتِى تَخَافُونَنُشُوزَهُنَّ فَعِظُوهُنَّ وَٱهْجُرُوهُنَّ فِى ٱلْمَضَاجِعِ وَٱضْرِبُوهُنَّ فَإِنْ أَطَعْنَكُمْ فَلَا تَبْغُوا۟ عَلَيْهِنَّ سَبِيلًا إِنَّ  ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلِيًّا كَبِيرًا34b.

34b.  Wallaatii  takhaa-fuuna  nushuu-zahunna  fa-‘izuuhunna  wah-juruuhunna  fil-mazaaji-‘i  wazribuu-hunn. Fa-‘in ‘ata’-nakum  falaa  tab-guu  ‘alayhinna  sabiilaa.  ‘InnAllaaha  kaana  ‘A-liyyan- Ka-biiraa.

34b.  As for those from whom you fear disloyalty, admonish them, and abandon them in their beds, then strike them. But if they obey you, seek no way against them. God is Sublime, Great.

In the previous lesson, we have learnt the status of the man by the word qawwaam, that is to say; the men are rulers, caretakers, monitors and in charge of the women due to being excelled by God and spending their wealth for providing them their necessities of life. Woman of good disposition is that who is obedient, is not only protector of her chastity and honor but preserves also the rights, benefits, wealth, property, family and household goods of her husband.

After telling about rights and duties of both (men and women), now principles and methods of correction are being described in case of produced difficulties and badness in the matters of practical life.

Mutual coolness and misunderstanding springs up for some times, although husband and wife have all good relationships between themselves, and it is a usual matter. Moreover, it is also possible that an obedient wife may disobey or she may have some bad habits, which may be committed at any time by her. What should be the behavior of husband in such circumstances?  

Punishment for those women has been described in the verse, who disobey, abuse their husbands or have bad habits. First step of their punishment is that the husband should admonish verbally and advise them. If she does not admit it then he should be separate from her bed during sleeping. If even then, she does not change herself, then last stage is to beat her. Nevertheless, the beating must not be so much severe as neither the signs of beating are seen on her body and nor her any bone is broken.

We knew from it that every error and omission has different grades, and order of punishment is according to those grades. Beating the woman is the last stage of punishment. If the fault is very customary, then only admonishing is better instead of beating her. Moreover, beating must also be reasonable according to the grade of her mistake. It should be kept in mind in each condition that neither any bone of her body should be broken, nor any sign of such wound should remain on her body.

Then if the women abstain from your disobedience or their bad habits after either advice or sleeping on separate bed or beating, then you must also stop punishing them. In addition, neither you should question them closely nor scratch their mistakes. Don’t blame them, willing or not willing, but fear . Certainly, He is ever High, Exalted, Great, Overcoming and Master of entire creatures. Remember it too that punishment of beating is not for the eminent women but for the disobedient and having bad habits.

https://youtu.be/HhDdKUzU22Y

Women Should Be Guarding In Secret That Which Allah Has Guarded

 Men are Protectors and Maintainers of Women (L-538)

ٱلرِّجَالُ قَوَّٰمُونَ عَلَى ٱلنِّسَآءِ بِمَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بَعْضَهُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ وَبِمَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ مِنْ أَمْوَٰلِهِمْ فَٱلصَّٰلِحَٰتُ قَٰنِتَٰتٌ حَٰفِظَٰتٌ  لِّلْغَيْبِ بِمَا حَفِظَ ٱللَّهُ  34a.

34a.  ‘Ar-rijaalu  qawwaa-muuna  ‘alan-nisaaa-‘i  bimaa  fazzalAllaahu  ba’-zahum  ‘alaa  ba’-zinw-wa  bimaaa  ‘anfaquu  min  ‘am-waalihim.  Fas-Saalihaatu  qaa-nitaatun  haafi-zaatul-lil-gaybi  bimaa  hafi-zAllaah.

34a.  Men are the protectors and maintainers of women, as God has given some of them an advantage over others, and because they spend out of their wealth. The good women are obedient, guarding what God would have them guard.

 

Qawwaamuuna – (In charge, caretakers, and governors). This word’s singular is Qawwaam, which has been derived from Qayyaam. There may be two aiming meanings of this word:

1.   The ruler and the monitor.

2.   The person, who provides surety, guarantee and security.

Many religious interpreters have described the meaning of qawwaamuuna  ‘alan-nisaaa-‘i as ‘the Sponsoring and providers of livelihood to the women, and their protectors.

Grades of men and women have been mentioned in this verse and it has been described that the men are senior to the women. Therefore, due to difference of their both grades, the difference will also be concerning themselves and this difference depends entirely on wisdom. Women and men are not equal. If the women wish equality and balance with the men, then it will be totally improper and unreasonable. God has appointed the men to look after the women, in charge of them and their caretakers. Following reasons have been described about the excellence of the men:

·       The man has been bestowed excellence over the woman. This excellence is with regard to carnal and spiritual, as well as knowledge and practice too.

·       The men spend their wealth on the women. They are responsible to provide them money or its value incumbent on the husband, daily food, clothes, expenses of maintenance, necessities of life, for affairs of housekeeping and at every time of exigency etc.

Two responsibilities of good-natured women have been described in Noble Quran:

1.   They obey their men.

2.   In the absence of husband, they protect themselves and preserve the wealth of their husbands according to the order of God, that is to say; they keep the duties of their married state and do not embezzle in the right of their husband.

In the modern period, echo of mutual equation between men and women has been rising by the people of new (false) illuminated (modern) countries. The women have been claiming equality of the men. For us, this verse of Holy Quran renders good service of flambeau of the way. In addition, such western nations have been observing the vicious results of their civilization with their open eyes. Instead of following such nations blindly, our duty is to get advice from this verse of Noble Quran and produce a pattern for others.

https://youtu.be/BfELU469cIo

God Is Ever Witness over All Things

 

Appointment of heirs (L-537)

وَلِكُلٍّ جَعَلْنَا مَوَٰلِىَ مِمَّا تَرَكَ ٱلْوَٰلِدَانِ وَٱلْأَقْرَبُونَ وَٱلَّذِينَ عَقَدَتْ أَيْمَٰنُكُمْ فَـَٔاتُوهُمْ نَصِيبَهُمْ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ عَلَىٰ كُلِّ شَىْءٍ شَهِيدًا 33.

33.  Wa  li-kullin-  ja-‘alNaa mawaa-liya   mimmaa  tarakal-waa-lidaani  wal-  aqrabuun.  Wal-laziina  ‘aqadat  ‘aymaanukum  Fa-‘aatuuhum  nasiibahum.  ‘InnAllaaha  kaana  ‘alaa  kulli  shay-‘in  Shahiidaa. (Section 5/2)

33. To everyone We have assigned beneficiaries in what is left by parents and relatives. Those with whom you have made an agreement, give them their share. God is Witness over all things.

 

 ‘Al-laziina  ‘aqadat  ‘aymaanukum – (as for those with whom your right hands have made a covenant), the persons, with whom you have promised for something, any treaty of alliance).

It has been described in this verse that the heirs have the right of portion from the wealth, which has been left by any deceased person, whether the dead persons either are parents or near kindred and with whom your right hands have made any covenant, they should be given their due.

God knows well that, what the portion of inheritance should be for which heir and what must be given to those who have been promised and that who accepts His orders and who denies/disobeys.

Reason of revelation of this verse has been mentioned that many people used to embrace Islam individually by leaving their idol-worshipping and infidel families. And their families and relatives used to remain infidels for a long time. The Messenger of God (ﷺ) made two by two Muslims as partners (brothers) of one another to remove this condition of the Muslims. Therefore, those partners used to become heirs of one another. But after some time, when their near kindred and relatives embraced Islam, then this verse was revealed that actually, the hereditary is the right of only those near kindred and real relatives. Spoken brothers have no right in the inheritance. However, they must be treated with good behavior in their lives, and if someone bequeaths anything for them at the time of death then it is convenient too. But lawfully they have no right in hereditary.

God has fixed the shares in the inheritance, which are due from the members of the family, near kindred and the relatives according to different verses. These entire portions of the inheritance have been determined in view of their rights and requisitions of all of them. These are good and proper from the beginning to the end for the Muslims in its acceptance. Therefore, we should fulfill them without any hesitation. Knowledge of God comprehends everything. He understands very well the intentions and deeds of the mankind. He shall give reward or punish them in accordance with their intentions.

https://youtu.be/1TB0w3G9e5g

Allah Hath Made Some of You Excel Others

 

For everyone is a share of what they have earned (L-536)

وَلَا تَتَمَنَّوْا۟ مَا فَضَّلَ ٱللَّهُ بِهِۦبَعْضَكُمْ عَلَىٰ بَعْضٍ لِّلرِّجَالِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا ٱكْتَسَبُوا۟ وَلِلنِّسَآءِ نَصِيبٌ مِّمَّا ٱكْتَسَبْنَ وَسْـَٔلُوا۟  ٱللَّهَ مِن فَضْلِهِۦٓ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ كَانَ بِكُلِّ شَىْءٍ عَلِيمًا 32.

32.Wa  laa  tatamannaw  maa  Fazza-lAllaahu  bihii  ba’-zakum  ‘alaa  ba’-z.  Lir-rijaali  nasii-bum-mimmak-tasabuu.  Wa  lin-nisaaa-‘i  nasiibum-mimmak-tasabn.  Was-‘alUllaaha  min- faz-lih.  ‘InnAllaaha  kaana  bi-kulli  shay-‘in  ‘Aliimaa.

32. Do not covet what God has given to some of you in preference to others. For men is a share of what they have earned, and for women is a share of what they have earned. And ask God of his bounty. God has knowledge of everything.

 

If God bestows any person excellence and superiority over you or other persons in any matter, and promotes him in it, then you must not be envious of that. It is also just like as to interfere in someone’s life and wealth without grounds, which has been determined unlawful according to previous verses. Besides it, such greediness promotes mutual jealousy and spite, and adversity of the Will and Wisdom of God manifests from it also. God does not like such entire matters.

Purpose of revelation of this verse is that some women came to see the Messenger of God (ﷺ) and said, “O Messenger (ﷺ)! What is the reason that God addresses the men only in every matter and commands them only, and He does not mention concerning the women anywhere? In addition, the men are given double from the women out of the inheritance of the dead. Those women were replied for their question in this verse that God has given to the men excellence on the women due to a specific skill. Therefore, they (the women) should not envy because of this superiority of the men.

God commands that the portion from the inheritance has been fixed for the women as well as for the men, as some persons work more than others, so they get also remuneration more. Nothing is lessened from it. God has bestowed the men a particular excellence, superiority and magnificence upon the women in accord with His Knowledge. If the women envy on it, it will be an unreasonable desire. However, if they get more reward and prize by doing good deeds, then it will be better. The person, who wishes more Bounty of God, he/she must call for His Mercy by doing more and more good deeds. He/she must not be seeker of the Bounty of God by means of envy and malice.  God has Knowledge of everything. He knows the right and the place of everybody very well and deals them according to their position. https://youtu.be/fVpRLO59JdI