Lesson
# 597 From Holy Qur’aan
Food of the People of
the Scripture is Lawful for You and Your Food is Lawful for Them
Surah Maaa-‘idah (the
Table Spread) – Chapter – 5)
Verses
– 4 & 5 of 120, Section – 1 of 16 (Part – 6)
BisMIllaahir-Rahmaanir-Rahiim
In the name of Allaah,
the Beneficent, the Merciful
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4. They
ask thee (O Muhammad) what is made lawful for them. Say: (all) good things
are made lawful for you; and those beasts and birds of prey which ye have
trained, ye teach them that which Allaah taught you; so eat of that which
they catch for you and mention Allaah’s name upon it, and observe your duty
to Allaah. Lo! Allaah is Swift to take account.
5. This
day are (all) good things made lawful for you. And the food of those who have
received the Scripture is lawful for you, and your food is lawful for them;
and so are the virtuous women of the believers and the virtuous women of
those who received the Scripture before you (lawful for you) when ye give
them their dowries and take (them) in marriage, not in fornication, nor
taking them as secret concubines. And whoso denieth the faith, his work is
vain and he will be among the losers in the Hereafter.
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4. Yas-‘aluunaka maa
zaaa ‘uhilla lahum.
Qul ‘uhilla lakumut-tayyi-baatu, wa
maa ‘allamtum-minal-jawaarihi mukalli-biina tu-‘allimuuna-hunna mimmaa
‘al-lama-kumUllaah;
fakuluu mim-maaa ‘amsakna
‘alaykum
waz-kurus-mAllaahi ‘alayh. Watta-qUllaah. ‘InnAllaaha
Sarii-‘ul-Hisaab.
5. ‘Al-yawma
‘uhilla lakumut-tayyibaat. Wa
ta-‘aamul-laziina ‘uutul-Kitaaba hillul-lakum, wa
ta-‘aamakum hillul-lahum. Wal-muh-sanaatu minal-mu’-minaati wal-muhsanaatu minal-laziina ‘uutul-Kitaaba min- qablikum ‘izaaa
‘aatay-tumuuhunna ‘ujuura-hunna muhsi-niina
gayra musaafi-hiina wa
laa muttakhiziii ‘akh-daan.
Wa many-yakfur bil-‘iimaani faqad
habita ‘amaluhuu wa
huwa fil- ‘Aakhi-rati minal-khaa-siriin.
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Lesson
Jawaarihi - (trained beasts and
birds of prey). Those trained animals, which attack suddenly on the prey and seize
it.
mukalli-biina – to let the trained beast or bird
go upon the prey after showing it.
Tu-‘allimuuna – (you teach), it is from ta’-liim. Here it aims, “to teach any hunting
beast or bird for catching the prey”.
‘At-tayyibaatu – (good things), it is plural of Tayyi-bah, the thing which is admitted
as pure and clean, and from which the mind do not feel any disgust.
‘Al-muh-sanaatu – (the virtuous women, the chaste
ladies), this word has come earlier in the beginning of Part five of the Holy Qur’aan and it is plural of Muh-sinah. Actually it has been derived
from the word hissan, which means ‘the
fort’. Muh-sinah is the woman, upon
the chastity of which, nobody may attack. Therefore, the lady, who has husband,
she is called Muh-sinah. These meanings
are in accordance with Part five. Here, the object is, the women, who are safe either
due to their fortune of good disposition, or they are under safe custody of
their parents and other kindred. It is suitable to wed such chaste women,
whether they are Muslims or belong to the People of the Scripture.
In the previous verse, forbidden
things were expounded. Then some people asked, “What is lawful for us now?
Moreover, whether the prey caught by hunting dog or hawk etc. is lawful for us
or not?” This verse was revealed to reply them that except the forbidden
things, all good things are made lawful for you. However,
any unlawful method should not be used to acquire them like gambling, lottery
or usury, because method of getting many good things makes them unlawful.
After that, following proper
course of hunting the prey through hunting beasts and birds pointed out:
1. The hunting beast or bird should be taught
properly for hunting, but it should keep the prey safe for you instead of
eating the prey itself.
2. It should not run itself to catch the prey,
but you should let it go to catch after showing the prey.
3. Mention the name of Allaah (recite BismIllaah)
upon the hunting beast before letting it go to catch the prey. There is one
more condition in addition to these i.e. the hunting beast should wound the
prey, so that some blood of the prey may be flown, and if it does not wound the
prey, then it is necessary to sacrifice the prey yourself. If the prey died
before catching and you could not sacrifice it, then it has become polluted,
forbidden and impure. It is compulsory to keep in mind that cause of letting everything
go is fear of Allaah Almighty, therefore;
you must observe your duty to Him. He is Swift to take account.
It has been directed
that Islam has made lawful for you to eat and use of all pure animals and
entire clean things. Meat of the animals will be lawful at that time, when that
is sacrificed, mentioned the name of Allaah
upon it before sacrifice and he should be Muslim, who sacrificed. However, the
animal sacrificed by any Jew or Christian is also lawful for you as well as
sacrificed by you is lawful for them.
After that, it is
commanded that it is good to marry any Muslim chaste and virtuous woman and in
such a manner it is also good to wed that woman, who is Jew or Christian but
chaste and virtuous, and who abstains from the sins. Purpose of the marriage
should be that the male and the female become fort of safety for each other
after marriage.
Fornication and taking
the women as secret concubines is prohibited. These are acts of animals and not
proper for the human beings. In such a manner it will become difficult to live
collectively for each other. Restriction of chastity in marriage is due to advisability;
otherwise the marriage is lawful with anyone opposite kind of humankind (male
with female and female with male only) except idolater and infidel, when you
give them their dowries. Actual necessity is safety of Belief otherwise, acts
are useless and you will be among the losers in the Hereafter.
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