Instructions For The Pledge

 

Instructions for The Pledge (L-353)

وَإِن كُنتُم عَلىٰ سَفَرٍ وَلَم تَجِدوا كاتِبًا فَرِهانٌ مَقبوضَةٌ ۖ فَإِن أَمِنَ بَعضُكُم بَعضًا فَليُؤَدِّ الَّذِي اؤتُمِنَ أَمانَتَهُ وَليَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ ۗ وَلا تَكتُمُوا الشَّهادَةَ ۚ وَمَن يَكتُمها فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلبُهُ ۗ وَاللَّهُ بِما تَعمَلونَ عَليمٌ283.

283.  Wa ‘in-kuntum ‘alaa  safarinw-wa lam  taji-duu  kaatiban fari-haanum-maq-buuzah. Fa-‘in ‘a-mina ba’-zukum ba’-zan- fal-yu-‘addil-lazi’- tumina  ‘amaanatahuu wal—yatta-Qillaaha  Rabbah.  Wa  laa  taktumush-shahaadah.  Wa  many-yaktumhaa  fa- ‘innahuuu  ‘aa-simun-  qalbuh.  WAllaahu  bimaa  ta’-maluuna  ‘Aliim. (Section 39/7)

283.  If you are on a journey, and cannot find a scribe, then a security deposit should be handed over. But if you trust one another, let the trustee fulfill his trust, and let him fear God, his Lord. And do not conceal testimony. Whoever conceals it is sinner at heart. God is aware of what you do.

Ri-haanun -  (the things, which are pledged), the word rahn is also in common use in Urdu language. That is to say; to give something (like property, a house or assets etc.) to the lender in connection with debt as part of the loan for trust.

Particularly in this connection, one should bear in mind that reaping advantage from the thing, which has been pledged, is prohibited. If the creditor will acquire gain from the pledged thing, then it will be equal to the Interest, and according to the Divine Law, it is unlawful. Mortgage can be kept only as surety, not for reaping advantage.

Yu- ‘addu – (to deliver up), this word has been derived from ‘adaa-‘un which means ‘to reimburse’, to pay, to complete.

Last Instructions in connection with inscription and evidence have been delivered in this verse. God Commanded, “If you are in the condition of journey, you do not know how to read and write, any other scribe is also not available, then you should pledge something in this condition. He should return that thing or property committed to the trust honestly, with whom the pledged thing or trust has been deposited.

Once again it has been emphasized besides this, “Never hide the evidence, otherwise you will become sinner, God Knows your every act and movement”.  https://youtu.be/IBAwuDos2U0

To Be Reduced To Writing Agreement

 

Reading and writing an Agreement (L-350) 

يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنوا إِذا تَدايَنتُم بِدَينٍ إِلىٰ أَجَلٍ مُسَمًّى فَاكتُبوهُ ۚ وَليَكتُب بَينَكُم كاتِبٌ بِالعَدلِ ۚ وَلا يَأبَ كاتِبٌ أَن يَكتُبَ كَما عَلَّمَهُ اللَّهُ ۚ فَليَكتُب وَليُملِلِ الَّذي عَلَيهِ الحَقُّ وَليَتَّقِ اللَّهَ رَبَّهُ وَلا يَبخَس مِنهُ شَيئًا ۚ فَإِن كانَ الَّذي عَلَيهِ الحَقُّ سَفيهًا أَو ضَعيفًا أَو لا يَستَطيعُ أَن يُمِلَّ هُوَ فَليُملِل وَلِيُّهُ بِالعَدلِ ۚ 282a.

282a.  Yaaa- ‘ayyuhallaziina  ‘aa-manuuu  ‘izaa  tadaa-yantum-bi-daynin  ‘ilaaa  ‘ajalim-musam-man-  faktubuuh.  Wal-yaktub-  baynakum  kaatibum-  bil- ‘adl.  Wa  laa ya’-ba  kaatibun  ‘any-yaktuba  kamaa  ‘allama-hUllaahu  fal-yaktub.  Wal-  yumli-lillazii  ‘alayhil-haqqu  wal-yattaQillaaha  Rabbahuu  wa  laa  yab-khas  minhu  shay-‘aa.  Fa- ‘in-  kaanallazii  ‘alayhil-haqqu  safii-han  ‘aw  za-‘iifan  ‘aw  laa  yas-tatii-‘u  ‘any-yumilla  huwa  fal-yumlil  waliyyuhuu  bil- ‘adl.

282a.  O you who believe! When you incur debt among yourselves for a certain period of time, write it down. And have a scribe write in your presence, in all fairness. And let no scribe refuse to write, as God has taught him. So let him write, and let the debtor dictate. And let him fear God, his Lord, and diminish nothing from it. But if the debtor is mentally deficient, or weak, or unable to dictate, then let his guardian dictate with honesty.

Day-nun – (a debt), in Arabic language, day-nun is used for the matter in which the payment in exchange is not made at the spot.

‘ilaaa  ‘ajalim-musam-man – (for a fixed term), the scholars of religious law have taken a point from it that the term (date and time of returning the amount) of debt must be fixed and very clear. It should not remain in doubt.

At first, Holy Qur’an described the commands regarding excellence of alms and charity, then usury, its prohibition and badness. Now, it has been mentioned about the debt and such merchandise in which there is a promise of any particular term. Possibility to forgetfulness, error and omission remains always. So, such matters must be recorded in writing and governed, that someone may not reach the point of quarrel. The scribe should not fall short in writing. It is more suitable if the indebted person writes with his own hand or tells to the scribe with his own tongue and he should tell without increase or decrease of other’s right. If he who owes the debt is of low understanding, or weak, or unable himself to dictate, then let the guardian of his interests dictate in (terms of) equity. 

https://youtu.be/1LLRNZ5EKNI

Concession To The Distressed

 

Concession for the poor (L-349)

وَإِن كانَ ذو عُسرَةٍ فَنَظِرَةٌ إِلىٰ مَيسَرَةٍ ۚ وَأَن تَصَدَّقوا خَيرٌ لَكُم ۖ إِن كُنتُم تَعلَمونَ280.  وَٱتَّقُوا۟يَوْمًا تُرْجَعُونَ فِيهِ إِلَى ٱللَّهِ ثُمَّ تُوَفَّىٰ كُلُّ نَفْسٍ مَّا كَسَبَتْ وَهُمْ لَا يُظْلَمُونَ281.

280.  Wa  ‘in-kaana  zuu- ‘us-ratin  fa-nazi-ratun  ‘ilaa  maysarah.  Wa  ‘an-  tasaddaquu  khayrul-lakum  ‘inkuntum  ta’-lamuun. 281.  Wattaquu  Yawman-turja-‘uuna  fiihi   ‘ilAllaah.    Summa  tuwaffaa  kullu  nafsim-maa  kasabat  wa  hum  laa-  yuzlamuun. (Section 38/6)

280. But if he is in hardship, then deferment until a time of ease. But to remit it as charity is better for you, if you only knew. 281. And guard yourselves against a Day when you will be returned to God; then each soul will be rewarded fully for what it has earned, and they will not be wronged.

The commands regarding the Interest and usury were being described with effect from the Verse # 275 to onward. Till now, it has been explained clearly that the Usury is forbidden. The people, who do the business of interest, whenever (on the Day of Resurrection) they will attend the Court of God, their condition will be like the mad. They will not be able also to stand firmly. God has proclaimed to forgive all previous corruption radically by His Grace, and urged strictly that this business should be finished completely for future. The necessities of the needy people should be fulfilled by alms and charity in place of interest/usury. He commanded also that if anybody would not refrain even now, then it would be understood that he is rebel of God. Therefore, he should be ready for war with God and His Messenger (ﷺ).

These verses are after those commands and guidance, which are part of this lesson. It is the Divine’s Description, “Give time till his easy circumstances and expansion, if the debtor is poor. So that he may return the principal easily. But, it is much better to forgive him, who cannot pay”. This incitement of forgiveness has been described in the words, “And if you remit the debt as alms-giving, it would be better for you”.

‘inkuntum  ta’-lamuun  - (if you did but know), it is considerable that apparently the debtor will get the benefit of forgiveness, whereas, God commands, “‘inkuntum  ta’-lamuun”  (if you have understanding), then its benefit is really for you. At the end, God has put us in perception of the perfect God-fearing and liability of our deeds on the Day of Resurrection in the words, “Guard yourselves against a Day in which you will be brought back to God. Then every soul will be paid in full that which it has earned, and they will not be wronged”. https://youtu.be/76f2NvCRWLw

Let The Usury Go

 

You must not lend money on interest (L-348)

يا أَيُّهَا الَّذينَ آمَنُوا اتَّقُوا اللَّهَ وَذَروا ما بَقِيَ مِنَ الرِّبا إِن كُنتُم مُؤمِنينَ278.  فَإِن لَم تَفعَلوا فَأذَنوا بِحَربٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَرَسولِهِ ۖ وَإِن تُبتُم فَلَكُم رُءوسُ أَموالِكُم لا تَظلِمونَ وَلا تُظلَمونَ279.

278.  Yaaa- ‘ayyuhallaziina  ‘aa-manut-taqUllaaha  wa  zaruu  maa  baqiya minar-Ribaaa  ‘in-kuntum-  Mu’-miniin. 279.  Fa- ‘illam  taf-‘aluu  fa’-zanuu  bi-harbim-minAllaahi  wa  Rasuulih.  Wa  ‘in- tubtum  fa-lakum  ru-‘uusu  ‘amwaalikum.  Laatazlimuuna  wa  laa  tuzlamuun.

278. O you who believe! Fear God, and forgo what remains of usury, if you are believers. 279. If you do not, then take notice of a war by God and His Messenger. But if you repent, you may keep your capital, neither wronging, nor being wronged.

Maa  baqiya – (that which remained), it means that, the usury you have received before this order, that is forgiven. After that, you will not recover usury in future. You are allowed to get the principal only.

Harbun – (war), warning of war against Usurers from God and His Messenger (ﷺ) means that they (usurers) should be included in the list of enemies of Islam.

Ru-‘uusu  ‘amwaalikum – (your principal (without interest), it is called capital also and a principal sum. 

Following orders have been explained in these verses:

The interest, you have taken before its prevention; that is enough. But, you should give up now that, which was increased after the restriction of usury.

If you do not do so, then there is a warning of war against you from Allah and His Messenger (ﷺ). You will be treated just like the rebels and renegades. 

It will be transgression also if you demand the increased usury after its prohibition. 

If the creditor deducts that sum of interest at the time of returning the principal, which he has already taken, then it will be trangression.

You must not demand the principal sum immediately, if the indebted person is very poor. However, you should give him some respite; so that he may be able to return the principal sum.

Now imagine; how much severely the usury has been forbidden? After so much clear commandments, if any individual brings out any form of lawfulness about the interest/usury and does not refrain from the business of interest, then think awhile, “Is he not rebel of God and His Messenger (ﷺ)? 

https://youtu.be/xD4N5HCfw1Y

Equipose Of Usury And Alms

Comparison between Interest and Alms (L-347)

يَمْحَقُ ٱللَّهُ ٱلرِّبَوٰا۟ وَيُرْبِى ٱلصَّدَقَٰتِ وَٱللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ كُلَّ كَفَّارٍ أَثِيمٍ276. إِنَّ الَّذينَ آمَنوا وَعَمِلُوا الصّالِحاتِ وَأَقامُوا الصَّلاةَ وَآتَوُا الزَّكاةَ لَهُم أَجرُهُم عِندَ رَبِّهِم وَلا خَوفٌ عَلَيهِم وَلا هُم يَحزَنونَ277.

276. Yamha-qUllaahur-Ribaa wa yur-bis- Sadaqaat.  WAllaahu  laa  yuhibbu  kulla  kaffaarin  ‘asiim. 277.  ‘Innal-laziina  ‘aamanuu  wa    ‘amilus-saalihaati wa ‘aqaa-mus-Salaata  wa  ‘aata-wuz-Zakaata  lahum  ‘ajruhum  ‘inda- Rabbihim.  Wa  laa  khawfun ‘alayhim. Wa  laa  hum  yahzanuun.

276. God condemns usury, and He blesses charities. God does not love any sinful ingrate. 277. Those who believe, and do good deeds, and pray regularly, and give charity—they will have their reward with their Lord; they will have no fear, nor shall they grieve.

By counterbalancing between Usury and Alms, God has described about the End of the both separately in these verses. He commands that the Usury, whether, how much its growth goes up; its end is poorness and destruction. God will never make to succeed in it decisively. Resultant, nothing accrues beside ruin from such wealth. Result of Usurer persons and nations is before us as a proof. Bloodshed, ruin and destruction accrued reciprocally among them. Contrary to them, God increases the Alms and Charity, blesses them who spend, and increases their reward manifold, prosperity and independence arises because of Alms and Charity.

Then God describes that He dislikes Usurer, who is evildoer, as well as ungrateful. He is a sinner because he tyrannizes the helpless and necessitous. And he is ungrateful because God gave him wealth for spending it in His Way, distribute it among the poor and indigent people, help the necessitous, but he becomes miser, keeps the money folding it up, looks brothers starving, suffering endurance of hunger, fluttering due to poorness and helplessness, but he does not feel pity. His heart does not become soft. Moreover, he becomes cruel and hardhearted. So, for him, there is severe threat.

Opposite to the Usurer, God described about the reward of a Believer also and that who performs good works, establishes prayers, pays the poor-due and alms, that he will be given full remuneration by God. He will never confront any kind of fear or threat and neither will he be displeased. God bestow to us Divine Guidance and empower us to pay the poor-due and charity. Amen. 

https://youtu.be/9293ezZw0gk

Usury Is Forbidden

 

Usury is forbidden (L-345)

الَّذينَ يَأكُلونَ الرِّبا لا يَقومونَ إِلّا كَما يَقومُ الَّذي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيطانُ مِنَ المَسِّ ۚ ذٰلِكَ بِأَنَّهُم قالوا إِنَّمَا البَيعُ مِثلُ الرِّبا ۗ وَأَحَلَّ اللَّهُ البَيعَ وَحَرَّمَ الرِّبا ۚ فَمَن جاءَهُ مَوعِظَةٌ مِن رَبِّهِ فَانتَهىٰ فَلَهُ ما سَلَفَ وَأَمرُهُ إِلَى اللَّهِ ۖ وَمَن عادَ فَأُولٰئِكَ أَصحابُ النّارِ ۖ هُم فيها خالِدونَ275.

275.  ‘Allaziina  ya’-kuluunar-Ribaa  laa  yaquumuuna  ‘illaa  kamaa  yaquu-mullazii yata-khabbatuhush-Shay-taanu mi-nal-mass. Zaalika bi-‘annahum qaaluuu ‘innamal-Bay-‘u  mis-lur-Ribaa.  Wa  ‘ahallAllaahul-Bay-‘a  wa  harramar-Ribaa.  Faman-jaaa-‘ahuu  maw-‘iza  tum-mir-Rabbihii  fanta-haa  fa-lahuu  maa salaf. Wa ‘amruhuuu  ‘ilAllaah.  Wa  man  ‘aada  fa-‘ulaaa-‘ika  ‘As-haabun-Naar. Hum fiihaa  khaaliduun.

275.  Those who swallow usury will not rise, except as someone driven mad by Satan's touch. That is because they say, “Commerce is like usury.” But God has permitted commerce, and has forbidden usury. Whoever, on receiving advice from his Lord, refrains, may keep his past earnings, and his case rests with God. But whoever resumes—these are the dwellers of the Fire, wherein they will abide forever.

‘Ar-Ribaa – (Usury, exorbitant interest), literal meanings of this word are getting access and more than enough, particularly abundance in the capital (funds). In the expression of the Religious Law of God, it means ‘the interest on the real loan’ or to gain without retaliation and to want more on actual wealth. Near Arabs, it meant that superfluous amount, which any creditor used to receive in retaliation and which is called interest nowadays. Some people have begun to say it profit instead of interest. In this manner, by changing the word, the truth does not change.

Maa salafa – (that which has passed), it aims that which Usury has already been taken or paid before the proclamation that the Usury is forbidden, that will not be called to a severe account. Minute inquiry will begin after announcement of clear orders and swallowing the Usury has been forbidden strictly. 

https://youtu.be/6kvqu1YqdsU

Reward Of Spending Wealth

 

Reward of giving Alms (L-344)

الَّذينَ يُنفِقونَ أَموالَهُم بِاللَّيلِ وَالنَّهارِ سِرًّا وَعَلانِيَةً فَلَهُم أَجرُهُم عِندَ رَبِّهِم وَلا خَوفٌ عَلَيهِم وَلا هُم يَحزَنونَ274.

274.  ‘Allaziina  yunfiquuna  ‘am-waalahum- bil-layli  wan-nahaari  sirranw-wa  ‘alaa-niyatan-  fa-lahum  ‘ajruhum  ‘inda  Rabbihim.  Wa  laa khawfun  ‘alay-him  wa  laa  hum  yah-zanuun.

274.  Those who spend their wealth by night and day, privately and publicly, will receive their reward from their Lord. They have nothing to fear, nor shall they grieve.

God has commanded: If the people, who spend their wealth and property in His Way, fulfill the necessities of poor and needy people by day and night, cherish of the poor morning and evening with their alms and charity, and continue to do such goodness by openly and stealth, then God will make them rich with the future reward of this virtue and recompense them. Moreover, He will please them with His favors and honors.

We should not forget it also that the reward of goodness is repaid even in this world as well as in the Hereafter too. Probably, the Saints have made an idiom to disclose this object, “tenfold in this world and seventy-fold in the next world will be bestowed”. God has promised in His Word (Holy Qur’an) that ‘you will be given full reward and never be lessened anything from you.

God has described two more subjects, “there shall no fear of future come upon (these types of the pious) servants and neither shall they grieve (for the past)”. That is to say; they will not deplore on the acts and deeds of the past, and like this they will not become hopeless and desperate absolutely about their future.

https://youtu.be/29yMcMQkg3w