Introduction of Chapter “HASHR” - (EXILE)

 

Introduction of Chapter “HASHR” - (EXILE) (L-3219)

In order, this is fifty-ninth Chapter of Holy Qur’an, which was sent down during fourth year AH to Madinah. It contains three Sections. There is mention of Assault on Banii Nazayr in it. It was a tribe of the Jews, whose people were living in their strong Forts, some miles away from Madinah toward the East. When Messenger of Allaah Almighty (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) came to Madinah after migration, then a treaty was made with Banii Nazayr that they will not help the enemies against the Muslims. They were very rich and strong in manpower. After the Battle of Uhud they broke their treaty because in that Battle the Muslims lost so much, from which the Jews considered that the Muslims had become weak. Their Chieftain named Ka’b bin Ashraf visited Makkah and made a treaty with the Idolaters that they would support them against Muslims.

Once Banii Nazayr deceived, called the Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) and arranged to kill him. At another time, he (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) was staying beside a wall. They threw on him a heavy stony part of grind-mill from the roof, but Allaah Almighty saved him every time by His Grace. Therefore, there was a need to punish them. Treacherous Ka’b bin Ashraf was slain by a Muslim named Muhammad bin Musalmah. After that, the Muslims laid siege to their Forts and they desired to make a truce being in very trouble. They were ordered to vacate the Forts and go away where they desire along with their luggage which they could carry. The remaining things would come in possession of the Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) who would give to whom he would desire. At such occasion also, the hypocrites showed their sympathy with the Jews. They had already said to the Jews that they would support them in case of war against Muslims, and if they would be exiled; the hypocrites too would move along with them and leave their native land.

But when Banii Nazayr suffered, neither the hypocrites supported them in Battle and nor moved along with them. Banii Nazayr emptied their Forts. Some of them migrated to Khyber and some to Syria. Messenger (grace, glory, blessings and peace be upon him) became owner of their goods, wealth and properties, who distributed everything among the Refugees. In this manner, the burden of Refugees was lightened from the Natives of Madinah. And two poor tribes from them also were helped from the Spoils of War.

All such matters have been discussed in this Chapter i.e. exiling the tribe of Banii Nazayr, Messenger’s possession on their wealth and properties, its distribution, behavior of hypocrites and explanation of their bad habits etc. After that the Muslims have been advised to fear Allaah Almighty and get ready for the life in the Hereafter.

Then Attributes of Allaah Almighty have been mentioned. Last verses of this Chapter teach us particularly about Oneness of God like ‘Aayatul-Kursii, Chapter 35 (Faatir – The Angels), initial verses of Chapter 57 (Hadiid – The Iron) and Chapter 112 (‘Ikhlaas – The Unity) etc.

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